Check valve for meter run

ABSTRACT

A fluid check valve for preventing back flow of fluid through a fluid conduit. The check valve is connected in series with a meter run to enable unrestricted normal flow to occur through a passageway in the valve body, and to prevent backflow. A throat forms the entrance into a passageway, and a valve seat is formed behind the throat. A valve cage mounts a valve element for movement within the passageway so that the valve element moves toward and away from the valve seat and during normal flow the valve element is spaced from the valve seat. Should any significant backflow commence, the valve element sealingly engages the valve seat to prevent the occurrence of such backflow. Downstream of the throat and seat there is a wall that enlarges outwardly and radially into a circumferentially extending slot having an outside diameter greater than the diameter of the passageway. The cage has a main central body part to which there is integrally attached a plurality of radially extending legs for attachment into the circumferentially extending locking groove to hold the cage in position within the passageway and to abuttingly engage the valve element.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Applicant's prior art statement sets forth various prior art subjectmatter of which this invention is an improvement thereover.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent years natural gas has progressively increased in importanceand has become a primary heating fuel that continues to gain inprominence in the transportation industry and, to a less extent, forfueling automobiles and busses. This has caused natural gas to increasein cost and become important as fuel. Therefore, there is a need foraccurate measurement for sales purposes domestically as well as in otherareas of the world.

Natural gas is produced from drilled oil wells and gas wells. The gasproduction formations are located deep within the earth in huge cavernsor sometimes in solution in an oil reservoir. The gas is produced from awellhead located at the earth's surface, and it is measured by ametering device or meter run as it flows into a pipeline where it istransported into a gas processing plant and is cleaned and processed,with the residue being distributed to the user market as sales gas.

During the above events, the gas is measured at various places to insureaccurate sales data. This is achieved by a meter run having a chartinginstrument that shows the amount of flow for any given time period.Hence, the gas usually is measured many times as it flows from thewellhead to the user market.

There is always a possibility that gas will back-flow in a downstreamdirection and travel back through the metering device due to reversal ofgas pressure for one reason or another. After this problem has beenremedied, the gas resumes flow and often it is measured by the meteringdevice a second time, causing someone to pay twice for the same volumeof gas.

This problem is remedied by a check valve apparatus that is placed atthe immediate downstream side of the meter run, in accordance with thepresent invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This specification sets forth the precise invention for which a patentis solicited, in such manner as to distinguish it from other inventionsand from what is old. This invention comprehends a fluid check valve forpreventing back flow of fluid through a fluid conduit. The check valvepreferably is arranged in series relationship respective to fluidflowing through a meter run to enable unrestricted normal flow to occur,and prevents backflow therethrough. The check valve has a main bodythrough which an annular passageway is formed. A caged valve element ismounted within the annular passageway. The annular passageway includes athroat, a working chamber, and an outlet.

The throat has a relatively small diameter that enlarges into theworking chamber and results in the formation of a lip upstream thereof.The lip has opposed walls with an outer wall thereof coinciding with theupstream face, and the inner wall thereof is arranged parallel to theouter wall. The inner wall enlarges outwardly and radially into acircumferentially extending slot having an outside diameter greater thanthe diameter of the working chamber.

An annular seat is formed on the inner wall of the lip and within thepassageway for receiving the valve element in seated relationshiptherewith, and thereby prevents backflow of fluid therethrough.

A valve cage loosely captures the valve element for axial movementwithin said working chamber whereby the valve element moves axiallytoward and away from the seat so that during normal flow the valveelement is spaced from the valve seat, and should any significantbackflow commence, the valve element sealingly engages the valve seat toprevent the occurrence of such backflow.

In the first embodiment of the invention, the cage has a main centralbody part to which there is integrally attached a plurality of radiallyextending legs that include spaced tabs formed thereon for attachmentinto the circumferentially extending locking groove.

In a second embodiment of this invention a valve cage is mounteddownstream of the working chamber and supported at the outlet. The valveelement is biased upstream so that it is moved into a closed positionshould the flow condition become unduly low such that a backflowcondition is anticipated.

Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is the provisionof improvements in a fluid check valve for preventing backflow of fluidthrough a fluid conduit.

Another object of the invention is to provide a check valve apparatusthat is arranged in series relationship respective to fluid flow througha meter run and thereby enable unrestricted normal flow to occur throughsaid check valve, and additionally to prevent backflow therethrough,thereby assuring that the meter run measures only one quantity of fluidflowing therethrough should circumstances arise where backflow couldotherwise occur through the meter run.

A further object of this invention is to disclose and provide a fluidcheck valve for preventing backflow of liquid and gas through a fluidconveying conduit, comprising a check valve apparatus mounted withrespect to a fluid conduit to enable flow to occur in only a downstreamdirection therethrough; and wherein said check valve has a main body,within which an annular passageway is formed through which flow canoccur through said main body, and wherein the annular passagewayincludes a throat, a working chamber, and an outlet, all arranged in anew and unobvious manner to provide a new combination of elements forflow control apparatus.

These and various other objects and advantages of the invention willbecome readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading thefollowing detailed description and claims and by referring to theaccompanying drawings.

The above objects are attained in accordance with the present inventionby the provision of a combination of elements which are fabricated in amanner substantially as described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a meter run having apparatus made inaccordance with this invention associated therewith;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, part cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2of FIG. 1, and showing further details of the apparatus of thisinvention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded, perspective view of apparatus made in accordancewith this invention;

FIG. 4 is an isolated, perspective view of part of the apparatusdisclosed in some of the forgoing figures;

FIG. 5 sets forth an isolated, perspective view of part of the apparatusdisclosed in the forgoing figures;

FIG. 6 is a hypothetical, longitudinal cross-sectional view showing theflow characteristics of the apparatus of FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, part cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2of FIG. 1, and showing details of an alternate embodiment of thisinvention;

FIG. 8 is an exploded, perspective view of apparatus made in accordancewith the embodiment of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an isolated, perspective view of part of the apparatusdisclosed in FIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 10 is an isolated, perspective view of another part of theapparatus disclosed in FIGS. 7 and 8; and,

FIG. 11 is a hypothetical, longitudinal cross-sectional view showing theflow characteristics of fluid flowing through the apparatus of FIGS. 7,8, 9 and 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The Figures of the drawings disclose a novel fluid check valve, made inaccordance with this invention, for preventing backflow of fluid througha fluid conduit. In FIG. 1, a fluid check valve 10, of the presentinvention, is disclosed for preventing backflow of fluid through a meterrun 110 in a fluid conduit 11 shown disclosed as having the usualorifice plate arrangement compressed between confronting flanges 112,112'.

FIG. 2, together with other figures of the drawings, disclose a firstembodiment 10 of this invention having mounting means 12, 12' in theform of commercially available confronting flanges that presentconfronting flange faces 14, 14' to mount said check valve 10therebetween respective to a fluid conduit 11 and thereby enableunidirectional flow to occur therethrough easily. Tension bolts 16compress the flanges 12, 12' towards one another and properly mount themain body 18 of the check valve 10 concentrically with respect to theinterior of the flow conduits 17, 17'.

The invention 10 comprises the before mentioned main body member 18,which preferably is of annular construction, and has a cylindrical outersurface 20, and an upstream annular face 22 opposed to a downstreamannular face 23. A passageway extends more or less axially through saidmain body 18, through which substantially unrestricted flow can occur ina downstream direction, and through which reverse or backflow cannotoccur due to the check valve characteristics of the invention. Gasket24, 24' is interposed between faces 14, 23, and faces 14', 22.

As seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6, the central or axial passageway commencesat a throat 26 which receives flow from upstream conduit 17'. Seal means28, 30 provide a stationary valve seat for sealingly receiving a movablevalve element 32 thereagainst. The valve element 32, the details ofwhich are more fully set forth in FIG. 5, is of special configurationand made in accordance with this invention. For purposes ofillustration, the seal means 28, 30 are illustrated in the form of anO-ring groove 28 within which an O-ring 30 is removably received.

As seen in FIG. 2, together with FIGS. 3, 4 and 6, valve cage 34captures the before mentioned valve element 32 therewithin for movementwithin an operating area defined by the seat 28, 30 (located behind thethroat 26) and the downstream end of cage 34. Further, a biasing means,the details of which will be more fully described later on herein, isshown herein as a valve spring 36 which urges the valve element 36 in anupstream direction. The details of the valve element 32 are more fullyset forth in FIG. 5.

The axial passageway commences at annular wall surface 38, which isspaced from and parallel to upstream and downstream annular wallsurfaces presented by main body opposed faces 22, 23. The wall surface38 extends radially outwardly to define a circumferentially extendinglocking groove 40 for mounting the before mentioned cage 34 thereto inthe illustrated manner of FIG. 2. Downstream of the locking groove 40,it will be noted that the axial passageway enlarges in the mannerindicated by the arrow at numeral 41, and terminates in edge portion 42adjacent the downstream flange face 23. Edge 42, together with thebefore mentioned locking groove 40, forms a unique mount means forsecuring the before mentioned cage 34 in captured relationship withinthe axial passageway in the illustrated manner of FIG. 2. The details ofthe cage will be more fully described later on herein.

Looking now to the details of FIG. 5, together with FIGS. 2, 3 and 4,wherein the valve element 32 is seen to have an apex 43 that coincideswith a central longitudinal axis 44 of main body member 18, the valveelement 32, the cage 34, and any flow conduit 17, 17' to which the checkvalve 10 may be attached.

A conical surface 46 is not a true cone, noting that it curves or slopesfrom apex 43 into a circumferentially extending seal surface at 48, withsurface 48 being arranged complementary respective to seal means 28, 30and thereby sealingly engages valve seat 30 (shown as an o-ring).Numeral 50 indicates the outermost peripheral edge of valve element 32,which is of less diameter than the passageway at 41, and is considerablygreater respective to the diameter of the throat 26.

Still looking at FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and in particular to FIG. 3, arecess 52 forms a lightening hole adjacent to the peripheral edge 50. Anannular spring receiving cavity 54 is concentrically arranged betweenblind hole 56 and recess 52, and is located concentrically andintermediate respective thereto and to the blind hole 56. The lighteninghole, together with the configuration of the conical surface 46, and theconfiguration of the passageway, including the throat 26, impartsunusual and desirable flow characteristics into the check valveapparatus, as shown in FIG. 6.

In FIG. 4, together with FIGS. 2 and 3, cage 34 is seen to have a maincentral body part 58 to which there is integrally attached a pluralityof radially extending legs 59. The legs 59 radiate from the central bodypart 58 as best seen at 60, 62, and 64 in FIGS. 3 and 4. Marginallengths of the legs at 60, 62 and 64 and 60', 62' and 64' receive adouble bend that result in the formation of spaced tabs having a doublethickness of metal for increasing the structural integrity thereof andat the same time providing a spring-like characteristic thereto. Thisenhances attachment of tabs 60, 62, 64 into the circumferentiallyextending locking groove 40, and the attachment of tabs 60', 62', 64'into the groove formed between edge portion 42 of face 23 of main body18, and face 14 of flange 12.

The multi-legged resultant structure 34, as best seen illustrated inFIGS. 2, 3 and 4, has three U-shaped legs 59 circumferentially spacedfrom one another, with each leg having upstream sets of tabs 60', 62',64' spaced from downstream sets of tabs at 60, 62, 64. The legs areattached to central part 58 thereof and radially depend therefrom suchthat the spaced tabs on the radially extending legs 59 are concurrentlyreceived within locking groove 40 and abuttingly engage edge portion 43and 60, respectively, of faces 23 and 14, respectively, of the main bodyand flange.

The upstream set of tabs are received within groove 40 while thedownstream set of tabs are received against the edge of the flange. Asthe upstream set of tabs are forced into groove 40, the double bend actsas a spring due to the memory of the metal. Accordingly, should anunusually high pressure drop occur across the valve element and cage,the downstream tabs will be forced further into the space provided forgasket 24 and between confronting faces 14, 23.

This unexpected result firmly anchors the cage within the main body dueto its deformation as it is forced a small distance downstream, andthereby provides an indication that parts of the meter run, includingthe check valve 10, may have been over-stressed.

In FIG. 4, numeral 65 indicates the outer edge of the surface of thecentral body part 58 about which flow can occur. Outer edge 65 is spacedfrom the inner surface 41 of the passageway (FIGS. 2 and 3) and accountin part for the illustrated unexpected and unforseen desirable low-losspattern suggested in FIG. 6. Consequently, the pressure drop across theback flow check valve 18 of this invention is unexpectedly low fornormal flow, which is in the direction indicated by the arrow at numeral66 of FIG. 2, and conversely is maximum for backflow, ie: when backflowoccurs, the check valve element 32 seats against seal means 28, 30 andthere is no backflow when the valve element is seated as suggested bythe dot-dash indication at numeral 32' of FIG. 2, for example.

The unexpected and useful improved flow characteristics of a fluidflowing through a check valve apparatus made in accordance with thepresent invention is illustrated in FIG. 6. In FIG. 8 it is noted thatupstream flow at 66 is reduced in diameter at 68 as flow is forcedthrough reduced diameter throat 26, and thereafter encounters theincreased diameter as flow proceeds through the working chamber andtoward the open valve element 32, whereupon the flow assumes theillustrated desirable flow pattern at 70 as it continues downstream andabout the valve element 32 which is especially contoured to achieve thisflow pattern. The flow continues through cage 34, and exits ordischarges into the downstream part 74 as seen at 72. The cage 34 is notapertured at 58 because at normal flow rates such an aperture is coveredby the valve element 32.

The disk shape has been optimized, using finite element analysismethods, to promote the illustrated smooth transition into the valvebody and then to pull the fluid back to a more central location todischarge the fluid from the valve. A comprehensive F.E.A. testing andoptimization is reflected in the valve element and body in order toprovide a superior disc valve within the context of "wafer check" valveconfiguration according to A.P.I. specifications and ANSI classstandards.

Throughout this disclosure, wherever it is logical or reasonable to doso, like or similar numerals refer to like or similar parts or elements.

The second embodiment of this invention is set forth in FIGS. 7, 8, 9,10 and 11, wherein the central or axial passageway commences at throat26, which receives flow from upstream conduit 17'. A seal means 49, 148is mounted on a valve element 132, which, as best seen illustrated inFIG. 10, is of special configuration and made in accordance with thesecond embodiment of this invention. For purposes of illustration, theseal means 49, 148, is illustrated in the form of a circumferentiallyextending groove 49 within which a complementary configured annularresilient seal ring 148 is received for sealingly engaging theillustrated valve seat 128 formed behind throat 26. For clarity, thespring 36 is not shown in FIGS. 7 and 11.

A valve cage 134, together with seat 128, captures the before mentionedvalve element 132 for movement therebetween, and further includes abiasing means therefor (shown in FIG. 8 as a valve spring 36). Thedetails of cage 134 and valve element 132 are more fully described inconjunction with FIGS. 9 and 10 later on herein.

The downstream wall surface 24 is undercut to form part of acircumferentially extending locking groove 138 for mounting the outerrim of valve cage 134 therein in the illustrated manner of FIG. 7 and11. The annular wall surface 138 is spaced from and parallel to annularwall surfaces 14 and 24.

Upstream of the locking groove 138, it will be noted that the axialpassageway decreases in diameter in the manner indicated by the arrow atnumeral 142, and terminates in throat 26 at the upstream face 22.

Looking now to the details of FIG. 10, together with FIGS. 7-9, and 11,wherein the valve element 132 is seen to have an apex 143 that coincideswith a central longitudinal axis 44 of main body member 118, valveelement 132, valve cage 134, and flow conduit 17, 17' to which the checkvalve may be attached. A conical surface 146 is not a true cone, notingthat it curves from apex 143 into a circumferentially extending sealsurface at 148 which is arranged complementary respective to seat 148and thereby enable sealing engagement between valve seat 128 and sealmeans 149, shown as a formed annular resilient gasket 148 on valveelement 132. Numeral 50 indicates the outermost peripheral edge of valveelement 132, which is of less diameter than the passageway at 142, andis considerably greater respective to the diameter of throat 26.

In FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, a recess 52 forms a lightening holeadjacent to the peripheral edge 50. An annular spring receiving cavity54 is concentrically arranged between blind hole 56 and peripheral edge50, and is located concentrically and intermediate respective theretoand to the blind hole 56.

The lightening hole, together with the configuration of the conicalsurface 146, and the configuration of the axial passageway, impartsunusual flow characteristics into the check valve apparatus 110.

In FIG. 9, together with FIGS. 7 and 8, the cage 134 has a main centralbody part 158 to which there is attached a plurality of radiallyextending legs 159. The legs 159 radiate from the central body part 158into attached relationship respective to rim 164, leaving openings 78between the central body part 158 and the rim 164. The rim 164, as bestseen in FIG. 7, is received within the circumferentially extendinglocking groove 138 located between flange face 14 and the downstreamface 24 of the main body 118.

In FIG. 9, numeral 164' indicates the outer edge of the surface of rim164. The central body part 158 has edges 76 spaced from rim 164 to formthe illustrated circumferentially spaced flow passageways 78 throughwhich flow can occur.

The present invention provides an improved check valve apparatus that isarranged in series relationship respective to fluid flow through a fluidconduit or meter run, and enables unrestricted normal flow to occurthrough said check valve with little pressure drop thereacross, andadditionally prevents backflow therethrough in a new and unobviousmanner.

I claim:
 1. A check valve for preventing back flow of fluid through afluid conduit, comprising;a main body having opposed parallel upstreamand downstream faces; said main body having an annular passagewaythrough which flow can occur therethrough, means mounting said main bodyrespective to a fluid conduit to enable flow to occur therethrough; saidannular passageway includes a throat forming an inlet thereinto, aworking chamber, and an outlet; said throat is of relatively smalldiameter and forms an entrance into said annular passageway at saidupstream face, where the passageway enlarges into said working chamberwhich forms a circumferentially extending lip upstream thereof; said liphaving opposed walls with an outer wall thereof coinciding with saidupstream face and said opposed wall being arranged parallel to saidouter wall; said opposed wall enlarges radially into a slot having anoutside diameter greater than the diameter of said working chamber; avalve element having a diameter greater than said throat, an annularseat formed on said lip downstream of said throat and within saidannular passageway for receiving said valve element in seatedrelationship thereon, and thereby prevent back flow of fluid throughsaid passageway; a valve cage by which said valve element is mounted foraxial movement within said working chamber, said valve cage having legsreleasably received within said slot whereby said valve element is movedtoward and away from said seat in response to pressure differentialthereacross such that said valve element can move from an open to aclosed position to engage said seat to prevent back flow through saidcheck valve.
 2. The check valve of claim 1 wherein said seat is anannular resilient seal means received within a groove located adjacentsaid lip and within said working chamber and arranged in spacedrelationship respective to said throat and said circumferentiallyextending slot.
 3. The fluid check valve of claim 2 wherein said cage isin the form of a spider having a central body part from which aplurality of said legs radiate; said legs each having outer marginalends bent into a U-shaped configuration in longitudinal cross-section topresent spaced tabs that are received into said slot to therebyreleasably lock said cage within said annular flow passageway.
 4. Thefluid check valve of claim 3 wherein there is a coiled spring havingopposed ends, respectively, that bear against said central body part andsaid valve element, respectively, and thereby urge said element againstsaid seat.
 5. The fluid check valve of claim 3 wherein said legs eachhave spaced tabs, with one tab thereof being adjacent said central bodypart and engaging a circumferential edge presented at the downstreamface and the other said tab being the recited tab that is receivedwithin said slot, whereby, should an undue downstream directed force beapplied to said cage, said one tab becomes deformed and thereby providesvisual evidence of the applied force.
 6. The fluid check valve of claim1 wherein said valve element has a central longitudinal axis thatcoincides with a central longitudinal axis of said main bodypassageway;said valve element includes a conical face having an apexintersected by said central longitudinal axis of said main bodypassageway; means on the marginal edge portion of said conical face forsealingly engaging said seat; an annular spring receiving cavity locatedon the rear face of said valve element and concentrically arrangedrespective to said conical face; whereby pressure differential acrosssaid valve element can cause said valve element to be urged against saidvalve cage with said spring being compressed into said spring receivingcavity while fluid flow occurs through a space defined by the insidediameter of the passageway and the periphery of the valve element.
 7. Acheck valve for controlling back flow of fluid through a meter run,comprising:a valve body having an upstream face opposed to a downstreamface, an annular passageway formed through said valve body and extendingthrough the recited opposed faces; a throat defines an opening into saidpassageway and includes an inwardly extending annular lip integral withsaid valve body and having a outer wall surface that coincides with saidupstream valve body face and a rear wall surface that terminates in acircumferentially extending groove; said groove having a relativelylarge diameter respective to said throat which has a relatively smalldiameter; a working chamber located between said throat and saiddownstream face having an inside diameter of a value intermediate thediameter of said groove and said throat; a valve element received withinsaid chamber; means forming a seat on said rear wall surface againstwhich said valve element is seated in spaced relation respective to saidthroat and said circumferentially extending groove; a cage in the formof a spider having a central body with a plurality of legs extendingtherefrom, each leg is bent into a configuration that includes outwardlyextending spaced tabs, said tabs are received within said groove toremovably mount said spider within said passageway; said valve elementis captured within said cage and has a front and a back; and biasingmeans between the spider central body and the back of the valve element.8. The fluid check valve of claim 7 wherein said seat is a resilientseal means received within a groove located within said working chamberand arranged in spaced relationship respective to said throat and saidcircumferentially extending groove; and,said working chamber has aninner wall surface that increases in diameter in a downstream directionand terminates in a circumferential edge at said downstream face.
 9. Thefluid check valve of claim 8 wherein said spider legs each having outermarginal ends bent into a U-shaped configuration in longitudinalcross-section to present a second tab spaced from the first recited tabwith said second tab thereof having a surface engaging said edge at thedownstream face and the other said tab being received into saidcircumferentially extending slot to thereby releasably lock said cagewithin said annular flow passageway.
 10. The fluid check valve of claim9 wherein said biasing means is a coiled spring having opposed ends,respectively, that bear against said valve element and said central bodyof said cage, respectively, and thereby urge said element against saidseat.
 11. The fluid check valve of claim 7 wherein said valve elementhas a central longitudinal axis that coincides with a centrallongitudinal axis of said valve body passageway;said valve elementincludes a conical face having an apex intersected by said centrallongitudinal axis of said valve body passageway; means on the marginaledge portion of said conical face for sealingly engaging said seat; anannular spring receiving cavity located on the rear face of said valveelement and concentrically arranged respective to said apex; wherebypressure differential across said valve element urges said valve elementagainst said spider central body part with said spring being compressedinto said spring receiving cavity while fluid flow occurs through aspace defined by the inside diameter of the passageway and the outerperiphery of the valve element.